人民教育出版社新修訂的高一英語(yǔ)教材已經(jīng)出版使用。在使用過(guò)程中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)迷惑的問(wèn)題:make fire和each other's face。這些表達(dá)法與筆者手頭的詞典相矛盾,好像教材錯(cuò)了。可是教材畢竟具有權(quán)威性,不會(huì)有這么明顯的錯(cuò)誤。老師不能回避這些問(wèn)題,即使老師暫時(shí)回避了,學(xué)生也會(huì)提出來(lái)。因此,在教學(xué)時(shí)感到比較棘手。
make fire
On the island, Chuck has to learn to survive all alone. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.(SB 1, p.4)
一般的詞典都為:make a fire(生火),而且是用粗體詞排印的,說(shuō)明是固定詞組。筆者查閱了英國(guó)國(guó)家語(yǔ)料庫(kù)(British National Corpus, 簡(jiǎn)稱BNC)的"簡(jiǎn)單檢索"(Simple Search)(網(wǎng)址 : http://thetis.bl.uk/lookup.html )。查閱make a fire,查到14個(gè)句子,現(xiàn)舉其中的幾個(gè)例句如下:
ADY 1572 Make a fire with lots of hot embers.
ALH 2544 He did not make a fire tonight, nor eat any supper.
FUB 534 However he looked after his animals with great care, brushing and combing them every evening, giving them the same food as he had himself, and chopping wood to make a fire so that they should be warm at night.
GW8 1873 He found wood to make a fire, and prepared breakfast.
HDB 141 Placed in front of us was a large pole, inside the pole was a fuel which we would be able to make a fire with.
JY8 961 But knowing how to make a fire might just save your life one day, so you'd better watch me carefully in case you have to do this yourself.
JY8 1336 Why did you pretend not to know how to make a fire, if the outdoors is no novelty to you。
查閱make fire,查到5個(gè)句子。
CAC 2094 In a thunderous rage, she sent rain to the earth to extinguish Maui's fires; however, the man managed to hide Mafulke's two thumbs from the deluge, and ever since, man has been able to make fire by rubbing two squat sticks together.
CDV 1111 Around him cluster characters who are immortal, like Elrond or Legolas, who can make fire or ride on eagles, while he himself can summon the dead.
G1Y 1474 Johnson: Sir, a man cannot make fire but in proportion as he has fuel.
KRO 1510 Year and year since I used to get up make fire for Alice in the mornings, this is, must be ten or twelve year since, and light a cig up.
可見,make a fire與make fire都是正確的英語(yǔ),make a fire常用,make fire少用。
each other's face
Now, the water, which was cold as ice and flowed faster than a river, was above her knees. Jeff and Flora looked into each other's face with a look of fright.(SB1, p.25)
《美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)詞典》在each other詞條的usage中有兩個(gè)例句:
1.The boys wore each other's coats.
2.They had forgotten one another's names.
筆者同樣查閱了British National Corpus,查到了這樣一個(gè)句子。
JY1 1394 Aware, as she most certainly was, that she could not be pleased to see him...,grief, if past experience was anything to go by, they'd no doubt be going for each other's throats before the meal was half over..., Leith returned to the kitchen and prepared some salad.
可見,each other's和one another's后既可用單數(shù)名詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。