一、主謂一致
1. 主謂的分隔原則
S, ---,VO
主謂之間可以用定從及省略形式的定從分隔
* 主謂一致與主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)
2. 定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致
...noun.+that / which +V
* that, which并不反映單復(fù)數(shù)
one of 復(fù)n + that/which + 復(fù)V
the only one of 復(fù)n + that/which + 單V
3. 隨前一致
together with, as well as, with, including, of
4. 隨后一致
not 單n. but 復(fù)n. + 復(fù)V
not only 單n. but also 復(fù)n. + 復(fù)V
5. 就近一致
單n. or 復(fù)n.
either 單n. or 復(fù)n.
neither 單n. nor 復(fù)n.
is he or we... 對(duì)
he or we are... 對(duì)
6. 可數(shù)名詞and可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞
不可數(shù)名詞and不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞
例外：war and peace is / was
black and white is / was
bread and butter is / was
to love and to be loved is/was
7. 百分比結(jié)構(gòu)
most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent
…+of +n. +V 由名詞決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)
8. 倒裝句中的主謂一致
There be...
between , among 等介詞位于句首，即引起倒裝
Between ...+ be + noun.
Among...+ be + noun.
主 + 系 + 表
主系關(guān)系要一致，系表關(guān)系可以不一致
9. The+ adj.
a. 表示“一類人”用復(fù)數(shù)V
The rich are ridiculous
b. 表示某一抽象概念
The good is attractive
10. one of + 復(fù)數(shù)noun. + 單V
more than one 單數(shù)noun. + 單數(shù)V
many a + 單noun. + 單V
a + 單noun. or + two + 單V: a day or two
news 單數(shù) measles 不可數(shù)
the series 用is/are從上下文得出
二、時(shí)態(tài)
1. in + 過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
2. before + 過(guò)去年份，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)
3. for/since:
for后跟時(shí)間段，可用現(xiàn)在完成和一般過(guò)去時(shí)
since 后跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)，只能跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
I have been a teacher for 3 years.
I have been a teacher since 1996.
I was a teacher for 3 years.
4. 自然現(xiàn)象、真理描述用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)混用
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)混用
三、語(yǔ)態(tài) 考主被的混用
一個(gè)證明，二個(gè)位于，三個(gè)需要，四個(gè)情感
1. 證明：prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.
prove(vt) + sth./that +句子
my advice proved to be wrong
2. 位于：locate永遠(yuǎn)考被動(dòng)
situate 主動(dòng)：把...放置;確定位置
被動(dòng)：位于
3. 需要：need, want, require
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need＋動(dòng)詞
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 to do sth. / doing = to be done
My watch need repairing. (主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)= …to be repaired. )
4. 情感：please, annoy, surprise, move
I am pleased. 主語(yǔ)高興
he news is pleasing. 令人高興使...高興（心煩、驚訝、感動(dòng)）
Franklin is so moved.
The story is so moving.