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非謂語動詞講解及練習:獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) ( Absolute structure)

發(fā)布時間:2016-4-20 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

1.分詞短語作狀語時,它的邏輯主語應該是句子的主語。

Eg.) Examining the patient, the doctor wrote down something on paper.

Hit by the arrow, he fell from the horse.

應避免寫分詞邏輯主語和句子主語不一致的句子。如:

Walking along the road, an accident happened. (×)

Listening to the radio, there was a knock at the door. (×)

Walking along the road, I saw an accident. (√)

Listening to the radio, I heard a knock at the door. (√)

2.但獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不是同一個人或事。

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)--名詞普通格或代詞主格+其它成分(形,副,介短,分詞和不定式)(它們之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關系)

獨立主格在句子中作狀語,可以表示時間、原因、條件和方式、伴隨。主要用于書面語,表示描述.

eg.) 1.今天是星期天,你不必去上學。

A) 用原因從句表達:

Because it is Sunday, you needn't go to school.

B) 用分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)表達:

It being Sunday, you needn't go to school.

但不能寫成:Being Sunday, you needn't go to school.

(因分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語,所以句子錯誤。)

2.官員們都到齊了,宣布開會。

A) 用分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)表達:

All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open.

B) 用時間狀語從句表達:

After (when) all the officials had arrived, the meeting was declared open.

3. 天氣允許的話,我們?nèi)ヮU和園。

A) 用分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)表達:

Weather permitting ,we'll go to the Summer Palace.

B) 用條件狀語從句表達:

If weather permits , we'll go to the Summer Palace.

4.所有的工作都完成了,你們可以休息了。

All the work done, you can have a rest.

=All the work is done and you can have a rest.

5.他看著這情景,張大著嘴。

He watched the scene, his mouth ( being ) wide open.

6. 會議結(jié)束后,他們都回家了。

The meeting (being) over, they all went home. (邏輯謂語是adj./adv 時,前面省略being)

有時,獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以由with引出:

eg.) The child trembled, with hands red with cold.

The park is beautiful with all the trees putting on a tender green. 樹葉都綠了,使得公園很漂亮。

The road is beautiful, with trees and flowers growing well here and there.

有時, 這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的冠詞或物主代詞可省去,稱為泛指結(jié)構(gòu),反之,稱為特指結(jié)構(gòu).

Eg.)He came out, umbrella in hand.

=He came out, with an umbrella in his hand.

The guards stood at attention, guns on shoulders.

= The guards stood at attention, with guns on their shoulders.

3.分詞固定短語:(有時表示說話人態(tài)度的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)已成為固定短語,不遵循其邏輯主語和句子主語一致的原則)。

eg.)1.Judging from her accent, she must be an American.

2.Genarally speaking, the living costs are relatively higher in cities.

3.Talking of the world resources , they are very limited.

4.No wonder he was taken ill, considering that he had been overworking for years.

5.Taking as a whole, the experiment was a success.

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